{"id":7709,"date":"2025-03-05T21:01:13","date_gmt":"2025-03-05T20:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.czuns.org\/?p=7709"},"modified":"2025-08-30T11:43:50","modified_gmt":"2025-08-30T09:43:50","slug":"abilizam-ableizam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.czuns.org\/en\/abilizam-ableizam\/","title":{"rendered":"Abilizam\/ableizam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in B\/CG\/H\/S<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

\"\"A<\/span>bilizam (ableizam)<\/span> proizlazi iz uverenja da \u017eivot osobe bez o\u0161te\u0107enja vredi vi\u0161e od \u017eivota osoba sa o\u0161te\u0107enjma\/smanjenjem ili odsustvom fizi\u010dkih\/intelektualnih sposobnosti i oboljenjima. U SAD koristi se ovaj pojam. U Velikoj Britaniji pojmom <\/span>dizabilizam<\/span>, ukazuje se na posledice uverenja da su osobe sa o\u0161te\u0107enjem manje vredne od osoba bez o\u0161te\u0107enja, dok <\/span>sistemski dizabilizam <\/span>uklju\u010duje mere i postupke koje dr\u017eava sprovodi na temelju ovog uverenja.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ove mere za rezultat imaju redukovanje osnovnih prava i usluga, izolaciju, nejednake prilike u dru\u0161tvenom \u017eivotu, sekundarna o\u0161te\u0107enja ili oboljenja, ve\u0107u stopu (rane) smrtnosti uklju\u010duju\u0107i prisilnu kontracepciju, sterilisanje, uskra\u0107ivanje terapije koja bi omogu\u0107ila nesmetan \u017eivot, \u0161tednju na le\u010denju i rehabilitaciju, prevenciju ra\u0111anja nakon prenatalne dijagnostike, eutanaziju, izostanak mera za evakuaciju, spre\u010davanje, neprepoznavanje i ignorisanje dru\u0161tvenog u\u010dinka osoba sa o\u0161te\u0107enjima, smanjenje\/izostankom sposobnosti, oboljenjima, onememogu\u0107avanje i ometanje osobe da se ostvari i ravnopravno sa ostalima u\u010destvuje u dru\u0161tvu. Zato u engleskom jeziku preporu\u010duju upotrebu termina <\/span>disabled persons<\/span> \u2013 <\/span>onemogu\u0107ene\/ onemogu\u0107avane osobe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bilo da se u javnom govoru opredelimo za izra\u017eavanje onemogu\u0107enosti kao rezultat ne\u010dega \u0161to je ve\u0107 nekome ura\u0111eno ili onemogu\u0107avanosti koja podrazumeva da se onemogu\u0107avaju\u0107i postupci ponavljaju, u oba slu\u010daja izra\u017eavamo iskustvo s kojim se osoba s nekim o\u0161te\u0107enjem, smanjenjem sposobnosti i oboljenje suo\u010dava od momenta kada se otkrije ili ga stekne Sada se globalno \u010de\u0161\u0107e koristi pojam abilizam (ableizam).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bilo da je u fokusu stav o superiornosti \u017eivota osobe bez o\u0161te\u0107enja (abilizam) ili inferiornosti osoba sa o\u0161te\u0107enjima (dizabilizam) posledice su iste svuda u svetu.<\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span>utoabilizam<\/span> ili<\/span> internalizovani abilizam <\/span>ukazuje na to da osoba s li\u010dnim iskustvom (mo\u017ee da) deli uverenje da \u017eivot osobe bez o\u0161te\u0107enja vredi vi\u0161e od njenog, odnosno da je nakon sticanja o\u0161te\u0107enja ili usled smanjenja\/odsustva sposobnosti ili oboljenja da su njen \u017eivot ona sama (postali) manje vredni.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Svako od nas se mo\u017ee opredeliti za to da li \u0107e jezikom doprinositi ravnopravnosti svih ili zadr\u017eavanju dalje preovla\u0111uju\u0107e neravnopravnosti i nasilja.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Npr, kad ka\u017eemo da je dr\u017eava slepa, gluva ili da su politi\u010dar\/ka ili politika autisti\u010dni ponavljamo dominantno uverenje da su odsustvo sposobnosti vida i sluha i autizam nepo\u017eeljna ljudska iskustva, a ona su osnovne (identitetske) karakteristike dela stanovni\u0161tva koje ga \u010dini time \u0161to jeste, nisu ni\u010diji izbor, svesne odluke i pona\u0161anje da bi ih se na taj na\u010din povezivalo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kori\u0161\u0107enje re\u010di <\/span>invalid<\/span>, sem ukoliko je osoba s li\u010dnim iskustvom svesno ne koristi za samoidentifikaciju, budu\u0107i da ve\u0107ina smatra da se osoba ne mo\u017ee poistovetiti samo s jednom njenom karakteristikom, naro\u010dito ako se upotrebljava s negativnom konotacijom \u2013 tako\u0111e je ispoljavanje abilizma.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abilizam je jedna od me\u0111usobnih ili internalizovanih fobija koja jednako kao sve ostale uzrokuju ugro\u017eenost i marginalizovanost dela stanovni\u0161tva ka kojima se ispoljavaju.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kao i druge fobije, sveprisutan je i prenosi i usvaja se vaspitanjem, neretko i obrazovanjem, pa ljudi naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e nisu svesni da ga ispoljavaju. I kad ga ne ispoljavaju namerno, to ne zna\u010di da je opravdan i da ne ostavlja iste posledice kao njegovo svesno ispoljavanje.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Abilizam se ispoljava nizom stereotipa. Mediji i umetnost preslikavaju najdominantniji:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. osobe s o\u0161te\u0107enjima, smanjenim sposobnostima, oboljenjima treba sa\u017ealjevati i stoga su predmet dobro\u010dinstva i milosr\u0111a,<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. predmet su nasilja ili se nasilno pona\u0161anje same osobe povezuje s tim \u0161to ima o\u0161te\u0107enje, smanjenje sposobnosti, oboljenje.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Predstavljene su ili se same predstavljaju kao superbogalji ili superheroji, pri \u010demu se ve\u0107ina postupaka i rezultata koji se kod ljudi bez o\u0161te\u0107enja smatraju uobi\u010dajenim, ovde tretiraju kao uspeh zbog ulo\u017eenog napora koji vrlo \u010desto nema nikakvih dodirnih ta\u010daka s o\u0161te\u0107enjem, ve\u0107 sa uslovima u okru\u017eenju koji su uzrokovani ovim stereotipom. Kada osobe s li\u010dnim iskustvom sebe predstavljaju kao super heroje, ta pojava se naziva onesposobljava\u010dkom ili onemogu\u0107ava\u010dkom pornografijom (disability porn). Sve prisutnija je.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Predstavljaju se kao normalne osobe koje slu\u010dajno imaju o\u0161te\u0107enja, smanjenje sposobnosti;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. U umetni\u010dkim delima uvode se u pri\u010du ili scenario kao likovi koji treba da doprinesu atmosferi misterioznosti ili znati\u017eelje.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Predmet su ismevanja.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Svoj su najve\u0107i i jedini neprijatelj.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Teret su porodice i dru\u0161tva.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Seksualno su abnormalne.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. Nesposobne su da u\u010destvuju u dru\u0161tvu.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ovo su\u00a0 nalazi prof. Kolina Barnsa s Univerziteta u Lidsu iz 1992, koje sam ja potvrdila analiziraju\u0107i ovda\u0161nje medije od 2002. do 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Centrovo istra\u017eivanje o socijalnoj distanci iz 2003. ukazuje na ve\u0107inu ovih stavova uz jo\u0161 nekoliko:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. u ulozi roditelja nisu uspe\u0161ne kao osobe bez o\u0161te\u0107enja;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. nesposobne su da privre\u0111uju i budu korisni \u010dlanovi dru\u0161tva;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. o\u010dekuju privilegije zbog svog o\u0161te\u0107enja i pomo\u0107 drugih;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. ako voze kola, nisu jednako pouzdani i odgovorni voza\u010di kao osobe bez o\u0161te\u0107enja;<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. imaju povla\u0161tenu poziciju u na\u0161em dru\u0161tvu;\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. ulagati u \u0161kolovanje onemogu\u0107avanih osoba besmisleno je jer dru\u0161tvo od toga nema nikakve koristi;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. ne mogu voditi samostalan \u017eivot i odgovorno upravljati svojim postupcima.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      U doba u kome je bezmalo sve o abilizmu, kao i o drugim fobijama poznato, mo\u017eemo da napravimo svesni otklon od svih njih i time dostignemo ravnopravnost svih u svakodnevici i svim segmentima javnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      U Norve\u0161koj je pre vi\u0161e od 10 godina razvijen gap model (model izostanka), \u010diji tvorac tvrdi da kada bi sve bilo pristupa\u010dno sve usluge jednako dostupne i na raspolaganju svim, onemogu\u0107avanost (ovde dominantno koristimo re\u010d invalidnost) nadalje bi izostala, ostala bi o\u0161te\u0107enja\/smanjenja\/odsustvo sposobnosti i njihovi uzro\u010dnici kao karakteristike i iskustvo dela ljudi. Stavovi su promenjive prirode ukoliko se dr\u017eave usmere na izjedna\u010davanje mogu\u0107nosti i uspostavi ravnopravan odnos prema pravima, obavezama i potrebama svih.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Njihovoj punoj primeni svaka osoba u obavezi je da doprinese.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Dostupno ljudsko znanje i definisane mere suo\u010davanja sa sistemskim onemogu\u0107avanjem i preveniranja me\u0111usobnog, uz prilago\u0111avanja lokalnim prilikama, primenjive su svuda i mogu zahvaljuju\u0107i postoje\u0107im mogu\u0107nostima izve\u0161tavanja i uspostavljenom sistemu pravne za\u0161tite stalno unapre\u0111ivati. Do nas je pojedina\u010dno da li \u0107emo i na koji na\u010din doprineti tome bez obzira na to da li imamo iskustvo onemogu\u0107enosti\/onemogu\u0107avanosti ili ne.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Deo samozastupni\u010dkog pokreta u V. Britaniji pojmom jo\u0161 uvek neonemogu\u0107avane osobe (still non-disaled persons) ukazuje na to da svaka osoba tokom \u017eivota stekne privremeno ili trajno o\u0161te\u0107enje, oboljenje zbog kojih do\u017eivi iskustvo onemogu\u0107avanja ili usled smanjenja sposobnosti koje je sa staro\u0161\u0107u neminovno.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Kako se svuda na svetu abilizam isto ispoljava i prati ga patronat, ugnjetavanje i smrt, samo me\u0111usobna razmena iskustva (peer podr\u0161ka) i me\u0111unarodna saradnja menjaju op\u0161te prilike.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Sastavljeno na osnovu rezultata istra\u017eivanja koje je tim Centra \u201e\u017diveti uspravno\u201c sprovodio od 2003. do 2021, sadr\u017eaja knjiga koje je objavio ili preveo sam ili u izdava\u0161tvu s drugima o predstavljanju osoba sa o\u0161te\u0107enjima u umetnosti i medijima i u oblasti obrazovanja i prava onemogu\u0107avane dece i odraslih.<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      mr Milica Mima Ru\u017ei\u010di\u0107-Novkovi\u0107<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Preporu\u010dujemo Manifest \u0160TA JE ABILIZAM?<\/a> u knjizi BUBBLES OF ABLEISM: A DISABLED WOMAN\u2019S STORY OF LOVE & MOTHERHOOD autorke MARIA R. PALACIOS (Mehuri\u0107i abilizma: pri\u010da onemogu\u0107avane \u017eene o ljubavi i materinstvu, 2017)\u00a0<\/span>u prevodu Biljane Radusin uz dozvolu autorke.<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Mo\u017ee\u0161 i ovo da pro\u010dita\u0161 ili \u010duje\u0161\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/www.czuns.org\/stela-jang-nisam-vam-ja-inspiracija-hvala-lepo\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0i ovo tako\u0111e:<\/span>https:\/\/www.czuns.org\/april-mesec-podizanja-svesti-o-abilizmu\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Sorry, this entry is only available in B\/CG\/H\/S. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Abilizam (ableizam) proizlazi iz uverenja da \u017eivot osobe bez o\u0161te\u0107enja vredi vi\u0161e od \u017eivota osoba sa o\u0161te\u0107enjma\/smanjenjem ili… Ceo \u010dlanak<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7710,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_crdt_document":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[116,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-edukativni-kutak","category-novosti"],"yoast_head":"\n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201eCentar \u2018\u017diveti uspravno\u2019 Novi Sad pru\u017ea personalnu asistenciju, peer podr\u0161ku i promovi\u0161e samostalan \u017eivot i ljudska prava.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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